Germany In The Early 1920s, Analysis Of Zyklon - 1650 Words

Germany In The Early 1920s, Analysis Of Zyklon (Essay Sample) Content: ANALYSIS OF ZYKLON BName of Student.Institution Affiliation.Background InformationZyklon B was a name given to a pesticide that was cyanide-based poisonous gas and pesticide produced in Germany in the early 1920s; it is translated to English as Cyclone B. The gas was made up of pure hydrogen cyanide and an eye irritant and prussic acid which make up the toxicity of the gas. The German soldiers used it, the Nazis, as a bio-weapon against its enemies and prisoners of war after a series of research that was done at Degesch. Initially, the gas hydrogen cyanide was used in the 1980s as a pesticide in California. It was used by California farmers to fumigate citrus fruits before spreading to other countries. The Germans however further developed the gas the gas into Zyklon which produced hydrogen cyanide when exposed to heat and water (Browning et al., 2004).German Gold and Silver Refinery took ownership of the gas, and in 1922 Bruno Tech and Heerdt Walter and other scienti sts came up with a technique of packing the gas with an eye irritant in cans the new product was later renamed as Zyklon B to make a distinction of it from the initial version. Due to its swift dispersal and lightweight Germans used this to their advantage. The Nazis under commander Hoss built the first gas chambers at Auschwitz in 1942 and used the gas to kill prisoners as test subjects the second chamber was constructed and held more than 1200 prisoners. These chambers of mass killings not only done at the two places but also at other extermination camps across Germany were operational till early 1943. Walter Heerdt was after that named as the inventor of Zyklon B. The two were tried in a British court and were sentenced to death in 1946 for intentionally selling a product to the Nazi to be used on humans that led to mass killing of people. The Nazis used this product in enemy camps throughout the Holacaust in which over one million people lost their lives using this technique esp ecially at camps in Auschwitz. Hoss Rudolf, 1941, said that use of Zyklon B to execute convicts and enemies was brought about by a member of his subordinate. The gas is rarely used today and also seldom produced since it has adverse effects if used for an unintended purpose or mishandled (Browning et al., 2004)Mechanism of action.Since the gas is poisonous, it inhibits cellular respiration and thus preventing the cells from manufacturing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through attaching itself to the proteins that are vital in the transportation of water, food and mineral salts. Since proteins contain many other iron groups, the Zyklon B may also bind to the iron groups resulting to a more stable compound caused by the ligand to metal bonding. The new compound formed from the two elements prevents the electrons from situating themselves hence the heme group does not receive them anymore. Transport is thereby stopped, and the cells cannot produce energy which is required to manufacture ATP. The process occurs so fast that death happens within less than 120 seconds of inhaling 65mg of the Zyklon B gas (Christianson et al., 2010).Effects of Zyklon B.Zyklon B has one significant disadvantage since it is made up hydrogen cyanide which is a very toxic acid, it causes loss of lives if used either unintentionally or intentionally for mass loss of lives in the hands of terrorists or individuals driven by the desire to harm others. Bruno Tesch, Walter Heerdt and other German scientist used the gas intentionally to kill soldiers in camps and prisoners in gas chambers. This resulted in other countries to seek justice and their execution in 1946. Hydrogen cyanide that is encompassed in Zyklon B gas has adverse effects such as it is unstable when close to a heat source, water or materials with alkaline components the gas may also explode if it is mixed with at least twenty percent of sulfuric acid its reaction may be uncontrollable if polymerization occurs which leads to explo sion (Jewish Policy, 1939)Uses of Zyklon B.Hydrogen cyanide is used as a pesticide in some countries, though the gas was banned in other countries. It is not commonly used since due to its poison effect that it causes to humans and the reputation of genocide in 1942 in Germany. It was majorly used in California in the 1880s to control farm pests, and home pests before German scientists to a chemical weapon re-engineered it. The gas was also used in the early 1920s by the United States of America to disinfect clothes of Mexican border crossers at the Mexican-U.S.A boarder. The gas helped to get rid of infections and pests such as bugs that could be transmitted through clothes between citizens of Mexico and U.S.A controlling disease outbreak.Before the introduction of lethal injection in 2010, most countries inclusive of Germany and USA used hydrogen cyanide to execute prisoners sentenced to death. The prisoners have put gas chambers, and hydrogen cyanide is rel...

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald - Free Essay Example

Introduction The following is a literature review of the book The Great Gatsby. The paper will analyze the symbolic technique Fitzgerald used in coming up with the novel. The essay will demonstrate a brief thesis of what the colors symbolized both to the reader and the characters in the book. In this paper we will choose one color for illustrations from the various colors used as symbols in Fitzgeralds story that is mostly about love, money and success. The paper will discuss the color green and give direct quotes with explanatory sentences of the color green. Green The color green is mostly related to the nature, whereby in relation with the western culture it represents the spring, youth, hope and confidence. The color green is used a lot in the novel to symbolize Gatsby character in terms of his dream which is to win Daisys heart back and hope of getting money. Gatsby has everything in the world except her love Daisy therefore green stands for his undying hope to win Daisys heart whereby the green light is closely related with Daisy whereas it is at her dock. The green light appears to be burning in the novel three times. From start to end of the novel the green light acts a major symbol. The green light is observed first when Nick notices Gatsby stretching his hands towards the water, Gatsby statesinvoluntarily I glanced seaward- and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock (Fitzgerald 2013, p.169) here the narrator and Gatsby come to a realization that the statementfar away meant that his dreamed was not assured and might fail. The green light seems to be what kept Gatsby burning desire to win Daisys heart whereby he utters to heryou always have a green light that burn at night at the end of your dock (226) and doesnt seem to be ever giving up on his hope to win Daisys heart becauseGatsby believed in the green light (152). Gatsby seems to be realizing his dream but is still confused with the real and imaginary Daisy. In relation to the American dream, green symbolizes that it is beautiful and appealing in imagination but very wea k in reality. Death is the end of a mans life and especially faith which is buried with him. Gatsby hope was dead when he died even though during his burial people held green lighting lamps to show fait, whereby the American dream which is symbolized with the green is still lighting up with hope.Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther. And one fine morning (pp 296) this make the green light a representation of the undying fight for our future dreams and coming of a new hope. Conclusion A society that is filled with greedy, jealous and corrupt humans makes everything to be materialistic. Gatsby however tries to pursue his dreams trying to assume the obstacles the society held before him to win Daisys heart but ends up not fulfilling his dreams. These makes green a major symbol in this novel as it makes it more complete and cuts deep within the readers interpretation. Works cited Fitzgerald, F. S. (2013). The Great Gatsby. Wuhan, China: Wuhan Publishing House. Hoffman, D. (1979). The Harvard guide to contemporary American literature (pp.118-206). Cambridge: Havard University Press.