Informal Logic †Same Sex Marriage Outline Essay Sample free essay sample

Introductiona Most people believe that matrimony is a consecrated establishment. and should merely be between a adult male and a adult female. and that it’s wicked for matrimony to be between same sex twosomes. I believe matrimony should be legal for a adult male and a adult female that genuinely love each other. with the purposes of desiring to unify their lives together. Should homophiles be able to get married? I intended to explicate my grounds for homosexual and against homosexual matrimony. Some people believing that matrimony should be between a adult male and a adult female non for homophiles. The inquiry is should homosexual matrimony be allowed? Reasons against homosexual matrimonyIt could supply a slippery incline in the legality of matrimony ( e. g. holding multiple married womans or get marrieding an animate being could be following ) . ( Messerli. 2011 ) iIf the thought of matrimony goes from a adult male and a adult female to leting for same sex matrimony so what is to halt at that place. We will write a custom essay sample on Informal Logic – Same Sex Marriage Outline Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Why would we non let for the Islamic faith to pattern their beliefs and let for a adult male and a adult male merely to hold multiple married womans? Even further why merely let for people of a certain age to be allowed to get married? Why non let for a adult male or a adult female to get married into bestiality? If the intent of matrimony is to raise kids. so the inquiry of same-sex matrimony comes down to the biological science of the sex variety meats. A adult male and a adult female can hold a kid. but a adult female and a adult female. or a adult male and a adult male. can non. Since same-sex twosomes can non reproduce. they can non carry through this basic map of matrimony. ( Sullivan. 2013 ) iThe fact bases and can non be refuted that is the universe were to be cheery world would non be. A adult male and another adult male or a adult female and another adult female can non in any manner procreate. It is physically impossible for this to go on and to existence of homo on Earth would stop. So why would we as worlds allow for some to pattern an action that could be lay waste toing to the human race. Possibly the most controversial statement that the guardians make is that the establishment itself would be harmed if it were opened to same-sex twosomes. ( Denniston. 2012 ) iSame sex matrimony Dose non fall into spiritual belief in any manner by any faith. In 1998. President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) . saying that same-sex twosomes would non be eligible for federal benefits. ( Johnson ) iIf we allow federal benefits to same sex matrimony so we are traveling against what the bulk of the American population believes in and to federally fund a plan for this would non be what the country’s electors wish to pass heterosexual financess on. Reasons in support of homosexual matrimonyaIn states where same-sex matrimony has been legalized–Belgium. Canada. the Netherlands. and Spain–the rate of heterosexual matrimony stableness has either gone up. remained stable. or declined consistent with other states in the part that do non acknowledge same-sex matrimony. ( Head. 2006 ) iSame sex matrimony does non impact the heterosexual matrimony rate. Same sex twosomes can learn heterosexual twosomes how twosomes in relationships missing gender based power kineticss frequently solve jobs and do determinations with more regard and mutualness. ( Gourguechon. 2012 ) iIn some cases same sex twosomes look at issues otherwise than heterosexual twosomes do. This could be used as a signifier of guidance. Marriage existed before Church and province. Therefore. â€Å"Neither Church nor province invented matrimony. and neither can alter its nature. † ( Huizenga. 2012 ) iMarriage came foremost without limitations or counsel from province of the Church. To seek and state the either should hold an influence on matrimony after the fact of origin is non acceptable. DecisionSame sex matrimony a really controversial subject that has been around for rather some clip. Even if the United States authorities were to do a opinion tomorrow that allowed for same sex matrimony through the United States of America there would be rather a rebuttal by many of the states people. The US authorities has to seek and delight the bulk of the electors for blessing and re-election. The bulk of Americans today believe matrimony is to be between a adult male and a adult female. Not same sexes. Marriage was ab initio intended for a adult male and a adult female who are in love with one another. person who wish to unify as one. Peoples are contemplating. Should homophiles be able to get married? I stated different pros and cons to each side of the inquiry of. Should homophiles be able to get married? Some people believing that matrimony should be between a adult male and a adult female non for homophiles. The inquiry is and will be for infinity. should homosexual matrim ony be allowed? Mentions Denniston. L. ( 2012. November 29 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessinsider. com. Retrieved from Business Insider: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. businessinsider. com/the-legal-case-against-gay-marriage-2012-11 Gourguechon. P. ( 2012. May 10 ) . Psychology Today. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. psychologytoday. com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. psychologytoday. com/blog/psychoanalytic-excavation/201205/ten-reasons-support-gay-marriage Head. T. ( 2006. June 1 ) . About. com. Retrieved from About. com Civilliberty: hypertext transfer protocol: //civilliberty. about. com/od/gendersexuality/a/marriageamend. htm Huizenga. L. ( 2012. August 9 ) . First things. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. firstthings. com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. firstthings. com/onthesquare/2012/08/opposing-gay-marriage-is-rational-not-religious Johnson. R. ( n. d. ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //gaylife. about. com. Retrieved from Gaylife: hypertext transfer protocol: //gaylife. about. com/cs/gaymarriage/i/doma. htm Messerli. J. ( 2011. November 19 ) . Balanced Politics. org. Retrieved January 13. 2012. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. balancedpolitics. org: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. balancedpolitics. org/same_sex_marriages. htm Sullivan. A. ( 2013. January 13 ) . Arguing Equality. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. arguingequality. org: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. arguingequality. org/chapter5. htm

Free Essays on Homosexual Parenting

Controversial issues effect the society because they lead people to choose a side, causing conflicts. Homosexual parenting is one of the main uprising controversies in today’s’ society. Homosexual parenting is viewed morally wrong by society, but in many cases, homosexual parents provide more love, happiness, and securities for the children than do the heterosexual parents-Homosexual parents give the healthy, economically stable, and safe environment that children need. One reason why homosexual parenting is not accepted, is because of the belief that the child will become a homosexual. Although practically all psychiatrists have concluded that children cannot be â€Å"turned† gay, people still believe this can happen (Cloud â€Å"Can a Scout Be Gay?†). Recent studies have shown that there are a higher percentage of children in homosexual families that are gay or lesbian (Camille). Others conclude that this is false and there are no differences in homosexual parenting and heterosexual parenting. If there are more lesbians or gays in homosexual families and one has a problem with that, that purely means that that individual is a homophobic. Fifty eight percent of our population disapproves of same-sex relationships (â€Å"The Other Side†). It is vital for a child to live in a stable environment in order to be healthy, both mentally and physically. As of now, over fifty percent of heterosexual marriages are ending in divorce. Homosexuals are not allowed to marry each other even though they love and honor each other. â€Å"Marriage is for people in love; homosexuals love; ergo marriage is for them† (Stengel 2). The love that they have could be united to make a â€Å"legal† family for a child to live in. Divorce, in some cases, will make a child feel insecure or could lead them to believe that all love ends in divorce. There are many single parent families in today’s society. One argument of homose... Free Essays on Homosexual Parenting Free Essays on Homosexual Parenting Controversial issues effect the society because they lead people to choose a side, causing conflicts. Homosexual parenting is one of the main uprising controversies in today’s’ society. Homosexual parenting is viewed morally wrong by society, but in many cases, homosexual parents provide more love, happiness, and securities for the children than do the heterosexual parents-Homosexual parents give the healthy, economically stable, and safe environment that children need. One reason why homosexual parenting is not accepted, is because of the belief that the child will become a homosexual. Although practically all psychiatrists have concluded that children cannot be â€Å"turned† gay, people still believe this can happen (Cloud â€Å"Can a Scout Be Gay?†). Recent studies have shown that there are a higher percentage of children in homosexual families that are gay or lesbian (Camille). Others conclude that this is false and there are no differences in homosexual parenting and heterosexual parenting. If there are more lesbians or gays in homosexual families and one has a problem with that, that purely means that that individual is a homophobic. Fifty eight percent of our population disapproves of same-sex relationships (â€Å"The Other Side†). It is vital for a child to live in a stable environment in order to be healthy, both mentally and physically. As of now, over fifty percent of heterosexual marriages are ending in divorce. Homosexuals are not allowed to marry each other even though they love and honor each other. â€Å"Marriage is for people in love; homosexuals love; ergo marriage is for them† (Stengel 2). The love that they have could be united to make a â€Å"legal† family for a child to live in. Divorce, in some cases, will make a child feel insecure or could lead them to believe that all love ends in divorce. There are many single parent families in today’s society. One argument of homose...

Health Promotion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Health Promotion - Assignment Example The paper was supposed to begin by introducing the whole content of the paper in an abstract that is subdivided into subheadings representing the major heading of the report. This, however, was adhered to. The authors reported this in a manner that captivates the attention of the reader by letting the audience know what the paper entails and making the decision on whether to proceed with reading the whole paper or not depending on his interest. The abstract had the purpose, participants, method, result, conclusion and key words meeting the desired reporting guideline for the same. From this section a lone the researcher made known the reason he was engaging in the research reason being to explore the patients' perspective regarding their decision to seek health care services or avoid them altogether(Carla, Green, Johnson, & Yarborough, 2014).In the introduction section, more of what was covered in the abstract were expounded with more explanation about the need for that study. The re search design also covered how the survey was conducted by from October 2002 to April 2003 with 150 participants. The researchers reported having assessed that the participants had 12 months old plan. The mean of the population interviewed was also reported and the consideration given to the participants for their time was also acknowledged. This supports the validity of the response given since participants will not be worried about the time they are losing out from doing the economic activity.

Fair Compensation Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fair Compensation Budgeting - Essay Example She has held this position for the last two years though she has not been very successful. This is because she was under a male manager who could not work with female workers freely. The former manager did not treat workers equally because, in this business, women were not paid the same salary as men. The new manager noted that women were not paid an equivalent rate as men for the same work. Question 1 What factors in the current compensation system for the county not identified here might influence Amy’s response? The current compensation system for the county pays women less salary than women. This is not fair because all workers are entitled to the same remuneration. However there are a number of things that will influence Amy in order to change the situation of unequal treatment of men and women in Adam County. First, Amy should research and find out whether both men and women are allocated the same duties in the company. She should evaluate this to find out whether, the f act that women are paid lower salaries than men is justified. Apparently, the previous manager might have been paying men more money probably because they were subjected to more work load. Amy should find out exactly why this was the case and address the situation from that point. Secondly, Amy might be influenced by the fact that women take more leave days than men. ... Such skills include ability to team work, working under pressure but not expecting an extra pay. For women this might seem hard because of their biological make up and their household responsibilities. These responsibilities such as child bearing and raising might be inhibiting the full performance of women at the workplace and therefore cannot be relied upon, for example, to do activities such as those of departmental heads. In addition, by the fact that departmental heads work involves a lot of travelling, women might not handle such tasks because of the constraints put on him by society. For example women who take a lot of time away from their husbands are often branded bad and false accusations of engaging in extra marital affairs while away for a prolonged time. Amy might also consider the commitment workers have towards the business. She will be influenced by those workers who have a spirit to work rather than those who work to earn money. To identify these workers she will be guided by how, for example, workers are punctual to work. The quality of work that such a worker does is also a crucial item to consider. If for example, workers are assigned similar duties, the manager should determine who among those workers the first to do the job is. The manager may also consider commitments outside the workplace, for example, commitment in family affairs and other matters connected with that family. There is a direct link between the performance of the work and the relationship with spouses at home. Workers spend a lot of time in the workplace and also in the family place. The balance between the two places is important for the profitability of the company. In addition, the number of dependents the worker has maybe

Death and the Afterlife of Christianity and Buddhism Essay

Death and the Afterlife of Christianity and Buddhism - Essay Example When an individual dies, they are allowed another chance in a different life form to do well. This sequence continues from good to worse life forms. They believe that when an individual dies, they can be reincarnated in animals, spirits and even human life forms. This is totally different from Christians who believe that individuals are allowed only one chance. If they lead a righteous life they head to heaven where there is eternal happiness, if they do not, they head t hell where there is total suffering. This essay seeks to discuss the similarities and differences in the Christian and Buddhist beliefs about death and afterlife. This is on my background of Christianity as my main religion and the Buddhist influence from my grandparents. In Christianity, physical death is seen as an event which can be escaped through having life after death. The Christian traditions are set on the basis that when one leads a righteous life on Christ, they get a chance to have another life after deat h. Having a strong relationship with god is the only way out for any Christian seeking to have eternal life. In Christianity, therefore, physical death is depicted as a mere separation of one’s soul from the physical body. The christen bible stipulates that the dust returns where it came from, and the soul goes where it came from. ... They believe that one’s inequities make the relationship with God not clear hence they sufferer spiritual death. It is in line with this that Christians believe that when one becomes spiritually dead, they have no chance of entering the Kingdom of God. The sinners have no place in heaven, and when they die both physically and spiritually they do not ascend to heaven. Heaven is seen as a place where there is joy, happiness and eternal enjoyment. This is where the Christians who spent their lives in a rightful manner in earth get to enjoy the fruits of their labor. This means that, in their afterlife, only the righteous will experience joy and happiness. For those that do not lead righteous lives spiritually and physically will head to hell where there is eternal suffering. It is in this respect that Christians are in constant search for spiritual nourishment to get to heaven. They also lead their lives according to the way of God. They spent their lives righteously knowing that in the afterlife they would have eternal happiness and joy in paradise. In daily life of a Christian, it is appropriate to live rightfully and forgo the worldly pleasures (Duncan 25). The belief in the afterlife influences numerous activities that Christian engage in. the Christian traditions are dedicated to seeking high spiritual levels and beliefs in the commandments of God. Many people live their daily lives in the expectations of having a better life in the afterlife. The Christian scriptures attest that there is life after death through the story of Jesus Christ. Jesus did not only resurrect from death physically but also spiritually. Christians base their belief on this story since it is true evidence that there is life after death. The biblical texts record of joy and happiness to

An Analysis Of Italian National Interests Politics Essay

An Analysis Of Italian National Interests Politics Essay National interest incorporates within it many things. Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, events have shown us that Italy and many of its leaders and politicians have always found it difficult to opt for a particular direction in both internal as well as external affairs. Whilst fighting against the Hapsburg Empire for independence in the nineteenth century, various Italian politicians proposed several options and alternatives that Italy could take. All of this brought conflict of interests and ideas in Italy and no-one was sure which road Italy should follow. In the quest for independence, the Italians knew what to remove but not what to implement instead. In the twentieth century, national interest changed frequently and much of this depended on the leaders of the time and on external events. The fact that Italian governments have changed so frequently in the past century is a clear example of how Italian governments and politicians never agreed on where their national i nterests lied. This paper will focus on how hard the Italians have found it to agree on their national interests and the reasons behind such a statement. This paper will then analyse to what extent such a statement is true and whether agreements between the Italians and Italian politicians regarding the matter have been reached. Special focus will be given on Italys relationship with Europe and the US and certain domestic policies as well as on the Italians view on the Arab World and the Mediterranean. Italys national interests Italy has had a history of changing alliances at the opportune moment in order to suit its interests. This shows that the Italians were never certain on what they really wanted. In the First World War, Italy joined the Entente when it had been an ally of both Germany and Austria-Hungary for so long. On the other hand, in the run-up towards the Second World War, Italy was attracted to Germany and its way of thinking and, when Germany rearmed and was pictured by many as the current strongest power, Italy did not hesitate to join Hitler in an alliance  [1]  . When Mussolini came into power in the 1920s, national interest lied in that of expansion and irredentismo. Mussolini wanted to promote the grandeur of Italy by conquering territories in Northern Africa and in some parts of Europe. Such an expansionist foreign policy agenda changed abruptly with the fall of the fascist regime in Italy and a new direction of national interest became important. Italian national interest then chang ed again with the end of the war as the Italian population and government sought the help and friendship of the United States  [2]  . The two main rival parties in the period were the Communists and the Christian Democrats and both had very diverse interests and foreign policy agendas. Immediately after the war, Italy promoted its interests in the international arena and this is seen in its quests for European Integration and in that of joining the North Atlantic Alliance yet such notions and ideas had to wait until the arrival of De Gasperi for them to become the new direction of Italys foreign policy: Italy under the leadership of Alcide De Gasperi became one of the founding countries of European integration, when the European Community and NATO were the two main pillars in postwar Italian foreign policy.  [3]   Putting these agendas aside, many argue that, during the First Italian Republic, national interest was not focused on the international context. This statement is quite correct especially when seeing how the culture of national interests did not reach its full potential due to the political elites interest in domestic rather than in foreign affairs. Due to certain issues occurring in Italy today it may seem as though the Italians are more concerned about their domestic affairs rather than their external ones  [4]  . The huge importance given to issues such as Silvio Berlusconis scandals and personal life is a clear example of this. Some newspapers are more focused on these particular affairs rather than what is happening abroad. The fact that domestic affairs was important then and is still so relevant now, brings to mind the thought that, in certain aspects, the Italians have managed to find a compromise between them. Others will say otherwise especially after analyzing Italian foreign policy in the second half of the twentieth century. Italy opted for an active foreign policy agenda as it tried to restore the honour it had lost as a result of The Second World War. Upon joining the European Union, Italys economy flourished considerably as can be witnessed in the 1960s. This was a result of increased industrial development and new economic reforms. When analyzing such issues, it could be said, therefore, that Italys national interests lay mostly in Europeanism as Italy became a strong and active member in European affairs and integration and it benefited a lot from its membership. Most political parties in Italy were and still are very pro-EU and Italy was always amongst the highest in Europe which had a strong public opinion with regards to the European integration process. Though the Communist party was quite anti-European in its policies, it changed attitude during the 1970s when it saw European integration as a means to promote its national interests. Hence, this led to support for integration becoming nearly unanimous in Italy  [5]  . Many believe that Italian national identity was weakened because of the relations between the state and the church in Italy especially during the nation-building process  [6]  . The church has always maintained a strong role in Italy and this is mostly due to the reason that the Vatican City is the centre of Catholicism. Hence, the church has been very influential in events happening both at the national level as well as on the international level and in fact, since unification and even in issues such as Italian-Arab relations, the church has always expressed its views and opinion on what Italys approach to such matters should be. Though Italys activity in European processes and activities was always present, it still wasnt recognized as a major power in the EU but was seen as a large member state among small ones, but incapable of taking its place among the big ones in the Union  [7]  . Italys inability to implement certain European legal norms, as can be witnessed in certain aspects such as that of freedom of expression, has reduced its credibility in the European context and even resulted in Italys less influential role when it comes to decision-making. Italy, however did try to promote its Europeanism especially in issues such as that of a European Monetary Union to which Italy gave much support. It was during Romano Prodis Italian Premiership when Italy became more credible as a result of its joining of the Euro-zone. This credibility was then again lessened with the arrival of Silvio Berlusconi who had a more Euro-skeptical attitude in his foreign policy. Many scholars and analysts believe that this attitude was a main reason of why national interest was seen as unstable and unclear. Until the 1990s, Italy was quite pro-European, however, when Berlusconi became Prime Minister, this changed. In fact, Berlusconi conflicted quite often with other heads of European states especially with the French President and German Chancellor. Further proof of this erosion of Europeanism can be witnessed in the resignation of Italys foreign affairs minister, Renato Ruggiero, who was a pro-European  [8]  . Berlusconi, apart from being Prime Minister, had been minister of foreign affairs and his motives and interests were clearly seen in his policies. Berlusconi preferred to maintain good relations with American President George W. Bush rather than focusing his strength on maintaining excellent EU relations. He wanted the American administration to see Italy as its closest European partner after Britain and that is why, Italy gave America its full support in many issues and crises. Italys conflicting interests between Europeanism and Atlanticism did not start with Berlusconi. Sergio Romano comments on how the Italians believed that the Second World War was not lost by the nation but rather by the fascist government and this explains why, after overthrowing Mussolinis regime, Italy was still willing to seek cooperation with other states. As from the late 1940s Italys cooperation with the US grew especially due to the Marshall Plan which, according to Romano, ebbe maggiore influenza sul profile internazionale del paese e sul sistema politico italiano negli anni seguenti  [9]  . In the meantime, Italy was very confident in the fact that it could play an important role in European as well as in Mediterranean affairs. The world order after World War II was very different than that prior to the war. Not only did countries like Italy lose certain territories such as Istria, Libya, Eritrea and Ethiopia but, now, there was the rise of communism and nation states suc h as Italy had to respond to such crises. The Marshall Plan wasnt only implemented for the restructuring of Europe, but also to combat the communist threat of the Soviet Union. The plan was also aimed to bring unity in Europe and this influenced the policies of Italian politicians and how they behaved at the international level  [10]  . National interest, in a few years, had changed radically from one being aimed to promote Italy and its grandeur to one which promoted Italys activeness and participation in an international community. After 1947, Italys policies started reflecting those of the United States of America. Hence, not only was it interested in economic development and restructuring, but was also intrigued by implementing a democratic government, rights and freedoms as well as having an anti-communist task force. Because Italy followed these concepts, it was also interested in having a united Europe and, as explained above, was among the first to promote cooperation am ong European states. Italys national interest was always divided between that of Europeanism and that of maintaining excellent cordial relations with the US and such a phenomenon may still be said to be going on today. Many countries were against Italy joining the Atlantic Alliance and the Italian government was particularly keen on changing the negative assumptions that these countries had about it. Such countries believed that: Se fosse stata ammessa avrebbe costretto lAlleanza a difendere non soltanto lAtlantico del Nord ma buona parte del mediterraneo, avrebbe dato un contributo insignificante alla difesa commune, e avrebbe probabilmente approfittato della sua partecipazione per avanzare una volta querule richieste coloniali.  [11]   De Gasperi and Sforza saw that these ideas had to change as Italy needed to develop economically as well as improve its security. Without the help of foreign powers it couldnt do much. Even if other countries had no faith in Italy, the latter knew that it could count on the US to provide for Italys needs. The USA was, and still is, considered as a super power and could provide for the security of others apart from itself. The transition that Italian national interest was taking clearly shows how Italian leaders realised that Italy should not be overconfident in its approaches and be as ambitious as it was in the time of Mussolini. Even nowadays, Italy is trying to maintain the best of relations with the US as the former knows that America can provide Italy with financial aid and security. Apart from this, by maintaining a relationship with the worlds superpower, Italy and Italian opinion could become more credible and attractive in the international arena. De Gasperi and Sforzas opposition and criticisms which were coming from within the mainland clearly proves how national interest differed from one party to another. Apart from being criticized by the national liberals, both statesmen found opposition in the Catholics of the left, the socialists and in the communists all of which had considerable influence in Italy  [12]  . Hence, national interest varied in Italy as some opted for expansion and the regaining of national prestige, others for the weakening of the Western front whilst others were willing to make Italy a determining power in international affairs. Nonetheless, both De Gasperi and Sforza tried to establish strong positions not only in the US, especially after joining NATO in 1949, but also in Europe and this is evident when analyzing the relationship Italy had with countries like France. Since the time of de Gaulle, and especially under Georges Bidault, France considered Italy as an important ally and friend. In this issue another phenomenon regarding national interest is evident. This is Italys interest in safeguarding the Mediterranean and Italy, since Mussolinis rule up until today, was one of the major players when it comes to security in the Mediterranean. France, who had interests in Northern Africa, agreed to help Italy in this task and, since EU membership, Italian statesmen, ministers and politicians have promoted the idea of Mediterranean security even more  [13]  . Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro, as did many others, maintained good relations with Mediterranean countries including Malta so as to maintain a stable and secure Mediterranean region. Italys interest in the Mediterranean may be a reason why the country is so keen on maintaining stable relations with the Arab world. Since the era of Fanfani and Moro, and even before that, up till today, Italian relations with Arab countries have been quite positive. This can be seen in Italys involvement in the Suez Crisis and in the Six-Days War and also in the fact that Italy always expressed its opinion with regards to the Middle-East conflict and offered means to aid the people affected by the war  [14]  . Many say that Italy has boosted its market-share and maintained a high political profile in the Arab world and in the Persian-Gulf and this is evident in countries like Qatar, UAE, Oman, Kuwait and many others. Embassies have been set up in these countries, exports increased and relations with them have improved due to the issuing of new contracts. Also, with regards to some states, Italy is the only remaining European trading partner as can be seen in the case of Iran  [15]  . Many believe that, though Italy has had a strong pro-European perspective, European enthusiasm has fallen considerably in the past years. According to a survey last year, only a small percentage of the Italian population actually believed that Italy was benefiting from its relationship with the EU. Italy has indeed fought for the strengthening and widening of the European Union, however, with the acceptance of the Constitutional Treaty, the introduction of the Euro and with the incorporation of many new pacts and treaties allowing greater EU say in decision making, Italians are starting to question what role has the national sphere left to play. From the period 2001 till 2006 the European Union was rarely consulted and called upon when Italy discussed matters of policy and foreign affairs. Even though Prodi was a pro-European, the two years he spent as Italian Prime Minister following 2006 werent enough to change the European outlook towards Italy. It seemed that Italy was changing f rom being one of the most active and respected members in Europe into a country which acted as an obstacle to the European Union. Events such as Italys exclusion from key talks on important issues suggest that the above statement is true and that Europe and the European Union had lost faith in Italy  [16]  . In Italy there was always a diverging of interests between the centre-left and the centre-right parties. The issue of multilateralism in this context becomes important. Under Berlusconis centre-right government this process was threatened especially due to the fact that the Prime Minister had little faith in such a process. Berlusconi, always projected as being so Euro-skeptic, has always preferred to maintain bilateral relations with countries such as the US and with certain countries in Europe rather than having many relations on a multilateral level. This statement is clearly supported by the fact that international organizations have never regarded Italy under Berlusconi as an important asset especially since the centre-right participated mostly in multilateral agreements and in international organizations only if there was something to gain from them. Centre-left parties, on the other hand have always taken a different approach and have always preferred to maintain strong multil ateral bonds especially with the European Union and its institutions. On the other hand the centre-left was then skeptic on the relationship with the US and this is evident in the centre-left parties criticisms towards the US and some of its policies  [17]  . Conclusion The fact that so many different governments were set up after 1945 and the phenomenon that only nowadays is an Italian political party managing to stay in government a full term is a clear reason on the state of agreement on national interests is in Italy. The huge number of fragmented parties in Italy means that it is difficult for Italy to come to a consensus on both domestic affairs as well as on international affairs. All the parties have different national interests and this may be the cause of why many believe that the statement that there hasnt been agreement on where Italys national interests lied was and still is the reality of Italy. Even the events of 2008 when Romano Prodis government collapsed is a sign on how the Italians are still struggling to find an agreement on where their national interests lie. Never before in the post-World War II history of Italy, had a government been unsupported by its own majority because of disagreement (within that same majority) on how to run the countrys foreign policy.  [18]   Such an event, however, will not change the real aims of Italys foreign policy and will not affect the reasons of why Italy has acted the way it did in the international arena in the past years. Italian politics in the last decades has always been directed towards achieving a more peaceful world. What Italy has done in the Middle-East and in Europe was done to strengthen unity as well as to bring stability in societies. On this matter, national interest is quite concrete and everyone, starting from Italys political elite moving down to the lowest classes of society, has had the same ideology and realm of interests with regards to having peace in the world. Though this is a huge contrast to the Italy prior to the war, it shows how, though national interest in Italy does tend to change rapidly, the Italian population may find agreement on certain issues especially on matters which are considered important and vital to the international sphere. Hence, it can be concluded that the statement that the Italians have never agreed on where their national interests lie isnt entirely true. Though Italian national interest did change quite frequently along the years, there were times when it was stable and followed a clear path. The fact that Berlusconi was elected for the third time has resulted in national interest to become clearer. Before the end of the cold war, the diverging national interest between that of a pro-European and a pro-American agenda was more evident. Now, with Berlusconi as Prime Minister, it seems that the divide isnt as evident especially with Berlusconis close relationship with the US and his lack of faith in Europe. Agreement on national interest, however, was never entirely present in Italy and may still be seen like that nowadays. It is unclear if Italian politicians are more interested in domestic rather than in international affairs and. Apart from this, Italy still maintains good relations with Mediter ranean countries as well as with the Arab world and is always keen in intervening wherever there is an issue abroad and this further confuses scholars and analysts trying to come out with where Italian national interest really lies.

Abortion and the Privacy Amendment Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive T

Abortion and the Privacy Amendment A U.S. citizen's "right to privacy" was first discussed in an 1890 Harvard Law Review article in which two Boston lawyers, Louis Brandeis and Samuel Warren, defined it as "the right to be let alone." Since then, the right to privacy has provided the basis for a stream of revolutionary and controversial constitutional interpretations by courts across the United States, culminating in the U.S. Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade decision in 1973. Although decisions have come down in favor of a right to privacy, they are largely based on a broad and disputed interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment. With the plethora of privacy issues that confront courts and policymakers in the current information age, the time for an amendment specifying the inalienable right to privacy is quickly approaching. Despite all the social, medical and religious undertones in the abortion debate, the Roe v. Wade opinion, written by Justice Harry Blackmun, has stood for twenty-four years on the basis that the right to choose an abortion is part of a woman's "right to personal privacy," a right that Blackmun stated is "founded in the Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action." However, some contest that the Fourteenth Amendment does not strongly identify an inalienable right to privacy as a constitutional right. Justice Rehnquist, in the dissenting 1973 opinion, wrote, "the Court necessarily has had to find within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment a right that was apparently completely un-known to the drafters of the Amendment." For this rea-son, some scholars, as well as members of the current Court, consider Roe v. Wade a fragile decision that ... ...s is a person. This would not be an abortion amendment. Instead, it would protect citizens from intrusions into all parts of their lives. Technology and computers have opened people's file cabinets and family photo albums, and the information revolution has just begun to reinvent the world. The privacy amendment could protect celebrities from an over-zealous press and individual citizens from governmental gene records or medical record banks. It could allow the courts to decide what information can be released for the public good, and it could allow the future issues of privacy to be solved with respect to personal rights. Without an amendment, the United States could become increasingly dependent on a questionable interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment, leaving citizens standing naked under the beam of a roaming technology spotlight.

What to Do if You Get Sick in College

What to Do if You Get Sick in College Being sick in college is not the most pleasant of experiences. You likely have no one taking care of you, like you would  at home, while at the same time your responsibilities and obligations continue to pile up as youre stuck in bed. So just what are your options if you get sick in college? Let Your Professors Know If you are a student in a small class, have a big day in class (meaning you have a paper due or presentation to give), or have any other responsibilities where your absence will be both noted and problematic. A quick email letting your professor know youre sick while promising to follow-up with them about how to make up the assignment (including a gracious request for an extension), should only take a few minutes to write but will save you quite a bit of time later. Take Care of Yourself True, you have that midterm to take, a huge event your cultural club is planning, and the concert you and your roommate have had tickets for months. It may be frustrating, but you need to take care of yourself first and foremost. The last thing you need, after all, is to just get even sicker just  because you didnt take care of yourself. It may seem impossible at first, but there really are ways to get more sleep in college. Let yourself sleep! Healthy eating in college can be a challenge- but it also can be accomplished. Think of what your mother would want you to eat: fruits and veggies, things with nutrition, healthy liquids. Translation: no, a donut and a Diet Coke wont work for breakfast, especially when youre sick. Grab a banana, slice of toast, and orange juice instead. Sometimes, common over-the-counter medications like aspirin and DayQuil can make a bad cold or flu manageable. Dont be afraid to ask a friend or roommate to grab you something while theyre out and about! Get a Check-up at the Campus Health Center If youre sick for more than a day or two, have really bad symptoms, or otherwise just dont feel right, utilize what your campus has to offer. Make an appointment- or just walk in- to the campus health center. They can check you out while also offering advice and medication to get you back on your feet. Keep Checking in With Your Professors If youre missing a day of lecture in your chemistry class, you can usually grab notes from a friend or get them online. But if youre missing a few days, especially when theres intense material being covered or discussed, let your professor know whats going on. Tell your professor that youre really sick and  that you might need a little help catching up. Its much, much easier to be in touch early on than try to explain later why you havent been to class, havent been in touch, and havent turned in your assignments. Prioritize Your To-do List If youre sick for more than a day or two, you will likely fall behind on at least something- life in college moves very, very quickly. Take a few moments to write down a little list of what you have to do and then prioritize. Getting to the health center for a Strep Throat test? Priority! Updating Facebook with pictures from last weekends Halloween party? Not a priority. Take care of the most important things now so you can do the other things you want and need to do later. Major Illness or Extended Sick Time If your sick day or two turns into a major illness or youre sick for long enough that your academics suffer, you might need to take more drastic measures. Always Let Your Professors Know Whats Going On Even if you just shoot them a quick email letting them know that youve been really sick for a week and are trying to figure out whats going on, that email is much better than complete silence. Ask them what they need from you, if anything, to justify this much-missed class (a note from the health center? copies of your hospital paperwork?). Additionally, check your syllabi or ask your professors directly about what their policy is if youve missed something major, like a midterm or paper deadline. Check in With Your Campus Health Center If youre sick for more than a day or two, definitely go see the campus health center. On top of a check-up, they can verify with your professors that, indeed, you do have a nasty case of the flu and need to be out of class for another day or so. Keep the Faculty up to Date Check in with your academic adviser, an academic support office, the dean of students office, and/or the dean of faculty office. If youre missing a lot of class, are sick, and your academics are suffering, youll need some help from the campus administration. Dont worry, though: this doesnt mean youve done anything wrong. It just means youve been sick! And everyone from your adviser to the dean of faculty has dealt with sick students before. Life happens in college; people get sick. Just be smart about it and let the appropriate people know so that, as you begin to recover, you can have the support you need academically instead of having to stress  about your situation.

The 7 most common mistakes in technical writing †and how to fix them

The 7 most common mistakes in technical writing – and how to fix them How to fix the 7 most common glitches in technical writing Most of us are technical writers at some point or other, even if we don’t realise it. You may be quite happy with the label if you write test reports or standard operating procedures. But you can have a very different role and still sometimes need to write technical things: a design brief, an employee handbook or even guidance on how to use the new office photocopier. If your document is complex, and someone needs to be able to follow and act on it, then it’s technical writing. The fact that many people don’t realise that what they’re writing is technical may partly explain why so many of these types of documents fall short. Fortunately, those shortcomings tend to fall into just a few categories, and they’re easy to fix. So let’s look at some of the most common difficulties technical writers (and their readers) face – and how to fix them. 1. Messy structure Many technical documents confuse readers and fail to achieve their aims because they were not planned properly to begin with. This lack of planning means that documents, especially longer ones, end up structured in an illogical fashion. Things are hard to find in the text, sections don’t follow naturally from each other, cross-references are a mess, and so on. At best, this frustrates readers; at worst, it makes the document virtually unusable. How to fix it: Before you begin writing at all, think carefully about the overall layout of the document. Creating a simple outline will help you structure it appropriately and optimally. So when youve written the text, but before you publish it, have it carefully reviewed – preferably by an editor or by a colleague who will read it closely. They may suggest improvements to the document’s structure, especially if you ask them to keep this in mind. The structure of the finished document should seem logical and intuitive to its intended readers. 2. Too much jargon Who your readers are will inform the content and style of your text. So it’s important to keep them in mind throughout the writing process. If you’re writing something for specialist readers, some jargon and technical language is fine; it may even be essential. If you’re writing for a general audience or people who actually specialise in a different area, be careful – what’s familiar and self-evident to you may not be so to them. One manager who commissioned a technical-writing course from Emphasis described how different specialists may ‘talk different languages’. You need to ensure that nothing gets lost in translation. How to fix it: Take a few moments to identify and visualise your readers. Then consider what level and type of technicality in the writing will be appropriate for them – and what won’t be. Those acronyms that roll off your tongue because you use them every day – are they well known elsewhere? Unless you’re sure your readers will know all the technical terms you plan to use, it’s a good idea to include a glossary or a list of abbreviations, or both, at the start of a text. Another strategy is to explain those items in parentheses or footnotes when they first appear. But if you find yourself doing this a lot, you should probably just add a glossary instead. 3. Poor punctuation All writers have a passing knowledge of the main set of punctuation marks. Very few, however, outside of professional authors and editors, have a thorough grasp of how each one works. The use of full stops and question marks is painless enough, but beyond that there is widespread difficulty with getting the details right. When exactly are commas required? Which dashes go where? When should you use hyphens? What’s going on with colons and semicolons? How to fix it: Find a good, modern guide to punctuation and read it carefully until you have a firm grasp of each mark’s use and misuse. Pay particular attention to any area you have trouble with. If certain mistakes or difficulties crop up repeatedly in your company’s documents, address them in your style guide (see next item below). 4. Inconsistency Technical writing should convey coherent ideas and trains of thought. Unfortunately, this doesn’t always happen. And that’s especially true when a document is written over a period of time, created by multiple authors, or updated piecemeal without due regard for overall consistency and readability. These circumstances are common and can result in choppiness in the document’s style, layout, tone, point of view, and so on. For example, the text may address readers as ‘you’ in one paragraph and as ‘designers’ in the next. The tone may switch abruptly from warm and chatty to scientific. This can be disconcerting, if not downright confusing. How to fix it: If you’re making changes to an existing document, get a sense of the surrounding context – including things like tone and tense. Try to align your changes with these, so that new material is incorporated seamlessly (or, if necessary, signposted appropriately). Jumps in tone or tense can be overlooked even more easily than typos and grammatical errors. The sense is clear to the writer (or writers), so they don’t notice things that will jar for the reader. These jumps must therefore be looked for specifically. Create a company style guide and make sure all your writers have easy access to it and are encouraged to consult it. This will do wonders for the consistency of your documents, both internal and external. Ensure that the guide not only includes vocabulary items but also addresses things like readership, typography, company aims, and brand voice and identity. A style guide is a living document, so put a system in place for proposing and incorporating additions and revisions to it. 5. Too much abstraction People writing in a formal or semi-formal context often go overboard in an effort to make their prose sound proper and elevated. Their writing, as a result, can end up very abstract and noun-heavy. ‘The achievement of good performance’ may sound fancy, but it’s a mouthful compared to ‘performing well’, and it’s really no more impressive than the plain-language option. It’s also less clear. Abstractions like this are unnecessary and, as they accumulate, make your prose turgid, verbose, and tiring to read. They can also make it ambiguous: if you describe a system as having ‘enhanced functionality’, do you mean it has more functions or that it works better? How to fix it: Try to replace abstract, noun-heavy phrases with strong, straightforward verbs. This will make your points more concise and intelligible. ‘The carrying out of tests’ can become ‘carrying out tests’, or, better still, ‘testing’ or ‘tests’. Watch out for phrases like took place, which often point to gratuitous nouning and buried verbs: ‘Analysis of the figures took place’ really just means ‘The figures were analysed.’ A related issue is redundancy: ‘blue in colour’ means blue, ‘robust in nature’ means ‘robust’, and so on. 6. Unclear antecedents An antecedent is a word, phrase, or clause referred to by another word, which is usually a pronoun like it, they, or who. For example, in ‘Observe the results and add these to a worksheet’, results is the antecedent of these. Ambiguity can occur when there is more than one possible antecedent. Take the following: ‘Trainees should mark their schedules in the notebooks provided, then in the group calendars. The manager is responsible for them.’ Whoever wrote this knew what the manager was responsible for, but readers may reasonably wonder if them referred to the trainees, the schedules, the notebooks, or the calendars. How to fix it: This is a common blind spot for writers, and it shows why we are our own worst editors. When we review the text, we see only what we meant – we miss the potential for uncertainty. Have someone else look over the text, if possible, because a fresh pair of eyes will be more likely to notice problems like this. It’s better to choose someone who is less familiar with what is being described, since they are less liable to fall into the same trap of overfamiliarity. 7. Dense presentation Technical writing can be very †¦ technical. Unavoidably so. Applying plain language as much as possible will help, though you still probably won’t win awards for literature. But even allowing for its stylistic limitations, technical writing can be made much worse through poor presentation. Long, unbroken chunks of text, for example, are visually off-putting and hard to follow. They can make a reader’s brain shut down out of sheer effort and frustration. The prevalence of jargon and complex concepts add further cognitive loads, and it all adds up. How to fix it: There are several ways to tackle the issue of dense presentation. Short words, sentences, and paragraphs are generally preferable, though they’re no guarantee of lucidity – it’s more important to use the most appropriate words in the best possible manner. Some passages can be broken up with bullet points, which makes them far easier to digest. Bullets also allow you to simplify the grammar, since they don’t need to be full sentences. Parallelism can lend grace, polish, and clarity, and is a grammatical device worth attention and practice if you want to improve your writing. It can take various forms, but essentially it means using matching grammatical structures in words, phrases or clauses that should work in parallel. For example, consider the sentence: For breakfast we like eggs and to grill bacon. Here, eggs is a noun but to grill is a verb. Better to write: For breakfast we like eggs and bacon, or: For breakfast we like to fry eggs and grill bacon. It’s natural to struggle with technical writing, especially if you only do it from time to time. Producing something that reads effortlessly is a challenge. But thinking about and applying these seven straightforward tips will benefit your writing experience. Even more importantly, it will make everything a whole lot clearer – and life a lot easier – for your readers. Image credit: ALPA PROD / Shutterstock

Discussion week 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion week 6 - Assignment Example e working age population which is expected to increase to 37% by 2020, and the hospitals are gaining market share making a monopoly to increase prices they charge to customers. The demand and supply issues in the market create legal and standard issues, doctors malfunction on patients because of unavailability of required medicines. As a nurse the most critical reason is the new drugs and technologies that are being introduced in the market. There are too many innovations in medical industry and it becomes difficult to cope up with new information. Every day there is a new discovery; doctors are continuously making researches in the field. Although if looked at it otherwise, it is better for the patients who face with diseases that have no remedies. However, as a leader of the nursing community I will motivate my staff to learn the news ways in medicine to apply them on the patient. In the same amount of staff members I will conduct training sessions to ensure that they are well aware about the new treatment and have full knowledge of its implementation. This would reduce the cost of the hospitals and the same nursing staff would be updated with the new

Ethical and legal issues of do not resuscitate orders Essay

Ethical and legal issues of do not resuscitate orders - Essay Example Who decides how and when should a terminally ill patient die? Should we or shouldn’t we prolong the life of a patient who has no hope of a having a good life in the future? What is morally right and ethical? Should the patient be made to decide whether or not he/she wants to be resuscitated or do we â€Å"play God† and decide how life should be taken away? The issuance and the implementation of Do Not Resuscitate orders (DNR) in hospitals have been a very sensitive issue in all walks of life not just the medical sector most especially those cases involving the operating room where time is clearly of the essence and sometimes, decisions have to be made outright by the healthcare practitioners attending to the patient. In cases of patients in the OR, where there are no clear advance instructions, there is no time for healthcare practitioners to confer with the patient or his/her immediate family, thus, often times, decisions are made relying solely on the medical judgment of the attending healthcare practitioners. As these develop, many arguments have been presented and cases have reached the courts arguing the validity and morality of a DNR most especially those involving the operating theatre. This resulted in formal attempts to define the physicians’ obligations in such cases, resulting to varied and sometimes contradicting conclusions. Consent of the patient for example, have generated different reactions in terms of legislations. The state of New York passed legislation in 1988 mandating patient consent to DNR orders [New York State Public Health Law, 1988]. However, recent joint statement by the British Medical Association, the Resuscitation Council (UK) and the Royal College of Nursing [BMA, RC (UK) RCN. 2001] in the United Kingdom did not specifically require patient consent to DNR orders. It does however